Fredericka "Marm" Mandelbaum

Queen of Fences

Citations

Abbott, Karen. “The Life and Crimes of “Old Mother” Mandelbaum,” Smithsonian Magazine. Last modified September 6, 2011, accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-life-and-crimes-of-old-mother-mandelbaum-71693582/

Johnson, Susan. “The Extraordinary “Mother” Mandelbaum,” Museum of the City of New York. Last modified May 2, 2018, accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.mcny.org/story/extraordinary-mother-mandelbaum

Bryk, William. “Marm - A Gilded Age Mastermind,” New York Sun. Last modified December 22, 2004, accessed August 8, 2018. https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/marm-a-gilded-age-mastermind/6634/

Sophie Lyons, Why Crime Does Not Pay (William Randolph Hearst, 1913)

Bovsun, Mara. “‘Queen of the Underworld’ Sophie Lyons Burke Murdered,” New York Daily News. Last modified June 10, 2012, accessed August 8, 2018. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/justice-story/queen-underworld-sophie-lyons-burke-murdered-article-1.1090881

Gray, Barbara M., "Queen of the Underworld: The Biography of Sophie Lyons (1848-1924)" (2014). CUNY Academic Works. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/424

Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York (Alfred A. Knopf, 1928)

“Arrest of a Notorious Female Criminal,” New York Times. 24 January 1869. https://www.nytimes.com/1869/01/24/archives/arrest-of-a-notorious-female-criminal.html