Early Life
Mary McLeod Bethune was born on July 10, 1875. She was the 15th child of formerly enslaved Patsy and Samuel McLeod. She was born free and soon learned the value of education from her education at Maysville School. After the Civil War, education opened up to African American students and she took advantage of this, soon graduating from Scotia Seminary. She was on the path to becoming a missionary and going to Africa but she had no church to support her mission. She ended up becoming an educator in South Carolina and soon married Albert Bethune with whom she later had a son.
Accomplishments
Bethune opened up Daytona Beach Literary and Industrial School for Training Negro Girls. This school later become a college and merged with the all-male Cookman Institute which then became Bethune Cookman college in 1929. Mary Bethune created the National Congress of Negro Women (NCNW) in 1935. She felt that a unified group of African American women could effectively lead to the end of segregation and discrimination. The New York Histroical Society has poster that states “Strong Women scare boys and Excite Men”. This relates to Bethune because of her thoughts to unite woman. In 1938, there was a meeting in the White House with the NCNW addressing the problems of black women and children. NCNW officials were able to persuade government officials to allow African Americans to hold higher positions in the government. The NCNW became a member of the U.S. War Department’s Bureau of Public Relations. These women worked in the Women’s Interest Section. They campaigned for African Americans to serve in the U.S. Army. Their nonstop efforts paid off and The Women’s Army Corps (WAC) began allowing African American women to serve.Through her close ties with Eleanor Roosevelt, Bethune became the leader of the National Youth Administration division of Negro Affairs. Bethune was able to create an organization that taught skills to thousands of black youth skills that were soon useful in World War ||. She also made sure black colleges participated in civilian pilot training courses. Through the NYA, Bethune established the Federal Council of Negro Affairs. This was later called the Black cabinet and it was an advisory board to the Roosevelt administration. Being director of the Black cabinet and having close relations with Eleanor Roosevelt Bethune was able to influence many government policies in the 1930’s.
Honors
In 1949, Mary Bethune was given two great awards for what she did during that time. She was awarded Haiti’s highest honor, the Medal of Honor and Merit from President Estime. She wasn’t just the first woman of color to receive this award, but the first woman in history. The President of Haiti said that Bethune was the “foremost woman of her race in the United States’’ and that was why she received this award. In the same year, Mary traveled to Liberia as a representative for the United States. She was awarded Liberia’s highest medal, The Commander of the Order of the Star of Africa. This was a great honor for her because this was her first time in Africa after wanting to do missionary work there in her young life.
Today, her house in Daytona is now a National Historic Site. There is a memorial sculpture of her in Lincoln Park in Washington D.C.